Thermal safety overview of silicon-carbon anode in lithium-ion batteries: Key parameters in determining the reactivity--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Jiang, Z.-J., Luo, Z.-H., Guo, J.-X., Du, Y.-F., Jiang, F., Shen, N.-L., . . . Wu, Y. (2025). Thermal safety overview of silicon-carbon anode in lithium-ion batteries: Key parameters in determining the reactivity. Particuology, 100, 178-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.013

Thermal safety overview of silicon-carbon anode in lithium-ion batteries: Key parameters in determining the reactivity

Zhi-Jun Jiang^a, Zhen-Hui Luo^a, Jia-Xin Guo^a, Yun-Fei Du^a, Feng Jiang^a, Nai-Lu Shen^a, Tao Wang^a, Xu Liu^a, Jie Huang^b, Wen-Han Chen^c, Yang Zhou^d, Zhiyang Lyu^e, Xin Shen ^a *, Xin-Bing Cheng^a *, Yuping Wu^a

a Z Energy Storage Center, Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
b Physcience Golden Silicon New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Deyang, 618000, China
c Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Ltd., Ningde, 352100, China
d Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Construction Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
e Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China

10.1016/j.partic.2025.03.013

Volume 100, May 2025, Pages 178-185

Received 4 March 2025, Revised 18 March 2025, Accepted 19 March 2025, Available online 27 March 2025, Version of Record 4 April 2025.

E-mail: shenx25@seu.edu.cn; chengxb@seu.edu.cn

Highlights

• Floating silicon is identified as direct contributor to thermal risks in high-capacity silicon-carbon anodes.

• Interplay between porous hard carbon and silicon particles with respect to thermal safety has been decoupled.

• Thermal safety of graphite blending with different ratios of silicon-carbon composites is explored.

Abstract

The quest for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries has led to the widespread adoption of silicon anodes, yet their safety, particularly regarding thermal runaway, remains a critical concern. Herein, the thermal safety overview of silicon-carbon anode is conducted to identify the determinants of materials reactivity and heat generation sources. In the hierarchical silicon-carbon anode, surface floating silicon without carbon protection is a serious hazard affecting the thermal safety, exhibiting a 77 % increase in heat release at 100 % state of charge. When the pouch cells with floating silicon are conducted in the test of accelerating rate calorimeter, the maximum temperature can be 875.2 °C (532.1 °C for samples without floating silicon). In addition, the thermal safety of graphite anodes blending with different ratios of silicon-carbon electrode are also explored, confirming the potential safety risks of high-silicon-content lithium-ion batteries. This work presents comprehensive understandings on the thermal features of the high-capacity silicon-carbon anode, which is pivotal for enhancing the safety of next-generation silicon-based high-energy-density batteries.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Lithium ion battery; Silicon-carbon anode; Safety; Electrolyte; Solid electrolyte interphase

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