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Volume 104
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A GPU-based FVM–DEM coupling framework and its application on gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow
Yangyang Zhang, Wenjie Xu *, Yongzhi Chen
State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
10.1016/j.partic.2025.06.009
Volume 104, September 2025, Pages 139-152
Received 25 May 2025, Revised 18 June 2025, Accepted 22 June 2025, Available online 26 June 2025, Version of Record 3 July 2025.
E-mail: wenjiexu@tsinghua.edu.cn
Highlights

• A coupling framework based on GPU named as CoSim-FVDEM is developed for three-phase flow simulations.

• Resolved-unresolved coupling method is developed in CoSim-FVDEM.

• CoSim-FVDEM addresses limitations of traditional coupling models with a unified program framework.

• Accuracy of the coupling algorithm is validated through a series benchmark.

• CoSim-FVDEM can be used to efficiently simulate dynamics of large-scale gas-liquid-solid three-phase flows.


Abstract

Gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow is common in various fields, making it crucial to accurately and efficiently describe its dynamic behaviors. To better perform the gas-liquid-solid three-phase simulations, a coupling code based on GPU named as CoSim-FVDEM is developed, which combines the finite volume method (FVM) and the discrete element method (DEM). This code encompasses unresolved, resolved and resolved-unresolved coupling methods, making it suitable for three-phase flow simulations involving solid particles of various sizes. A series of cases are conducted to validate the accuracy of the developed coupling algorithm, including complex dam breach flow, water entry test of a single sphere and multi-sphere within rotating roller. Finally, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow numerical experiment is performed, which involves the bi-disperse granular systems in a rotating roller. Base on the numerical results, the dynamic behaviors of the three-phase flow are analyzed and the computational efficiency is evaluated. The results indicate that the developed coupling code can better be used for the dynamic analysis of large-scale gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow; FVM-DEM; Coupling algorithm; GPU acceleration; Resolved-unresolved coupling
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