Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on crystallization process of SrCl2·6H2O particulate model and influence of ultrasonic treatment on its anti-agglomeration performance under optimized conditions--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Ren, J., Zou, X., Shi, B., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., & Jing, Y. (2025). Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on crystallization process of SrCl2·6H2O particulate model and influence of ultrasonic treatment on its anti-agglomeration performance under optimized conditions. Particuology, 106, 110-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.020

Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on crystallization process of SrCl₂·6H₂O particulate model and influence of ultrasonic treatment on its anti-agglomeration performance under optimized conditions

Jieming Ren^{a b c}, Xingwu Zou^{a b *}, Binbin Shi^{a b c}, Yongjuan Zhang^b, Shuxuan Wang^{a b}, Yan Jing^{a b}

a Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
b Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining, 810008, China
c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

10.1016/j.partic.2025.08.020

Volume 106, November 2025, Pages 110-122

Received 1 July 2025, Revised 9 August 2025, Accepted 24 August 2025, Available online 5 September 2025, Version of Record 11 September 2025.

E-mail: zouxingwu@isl.ac.cn

Highlights

• Thermodynamic parameters of crystallization were derived and calculated through model fitting.

• A kinetic metastable zone prediction model was established based on nucleation theory.

• Anti-Caking performance of SrCl₂·6H₂O particles was significantly enhanced.

• This work provides a theoretical guidance for practical applications through crystallization theory.

Abstract

Crystallization remains a fundamental separation and purification technique in chemical manufacturing. A comprehensive understanding of aqueous solution thermodynamics, metastable zone width (MSZW), and nucleation mechanisms is essential for optimizing crystallization processes, defining operational control parameters, and enabling subsequent crystal morphology control. This study systematically investigates the crystallization behavior of SrCl₂·6H₂O through in situ monitoring using process analytical technology (PAT). Key parameters, including MSZW, thermodynamic properties (solubility, supersaturation), and nucleation kinetics, were quantitatively determined to develop a predictive process model. To address the critical industrial challenge of product agglomeration arising from poor particle morphology, which complicates storage, transportation, and downstream processing while compromising product quality and increasing operational costs, an ultrasonic regulation strategy was implemented under optimized crystallization conditions. Post-treatment with optimized ultrasonic parameters yielded a marked reduction in particle aspect ratio, substantial improvement in dispersion, and a clear morphological transition from rod-like to granular crystals. This transformation significantly enhanced anti-agglomeration performance, thereby increasing product value. The regulatory mechanism of ultrasound is attributed to the "fragmentation-growth" mechanism, where ultrasonic cavitation induces controlled particle fragmentation followed by directional growth.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Crystallization control; Crystallization thermodynamics; Nucleation kinetics; Metastable zone; Ultrasonic control

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