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Volume 108
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Wei, R., Liu, Y., Wu, H., Peng, Z., Kang, Y., Xue, Q., & Zuo, H. (2026). Promoting simulation reliability for burden distribution of blast furnace: Parameters measurement and calibration of lump ores. Particuology, 108, 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2025.11.009
Promoting simulation reliability for burden distribution of blast furnace: Parameters measurement and calibration of lump ores
Runpei Wei, Yu Liu, Hao Wu, Zile Peng, Yue Kang, Qingguo Xue, Haibin Zuo *
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
10.1016/j.partic.2025.11.009
Volume 108, January 2026, Pages 14-24
Received 15 September 2025, Revised 25 October 2025, Accepted 17 November 2025, Available online 20 November 2025, Version of Record 3 December 2025.
E-mail: zuohaibin@ustb.edu.cn
Highlights

• Physical parameters of lump ore were systematically calibrated for the first time.

• Intrinsic and contact parameters of hematite and limonite were obtained.

• Simplifying the particle model using spherical particles to improve DEM simulation efficiency.

• Experimental methods for testing contact parameters between different particle types were refined.


Abstract

With the increasing proportion of low-carbon burden, represented by lump ores, charged into blast furnaces, the lack of fundamental physical property parameters became a key constraint on in-depth research of burden distribution through numerical simulation. In this study, the intrinsic and contact parameters of lump ores were systematically investigated for the first time. Two typical types, hematite and limonite, which are the most commonly used lump ores in blast furnaces, were selected as the research objects. The intrinsic parameters of the two lump ores, including density, Poisson's ratio, and elastic modulus, were determined according to standard testing methods. Physical experiments were designed to measure contact parameters, through which the coefficients of rolling friction, static friction, and restitution between lump ores, as well as between each ore and steel plate or cement board, were obtained. Parameter calibration was subsequently carried out using discrete element method simulations, ultimately obtaining the representative values for these physical parameters. This study laid the foundation for accurate simulation of lump ore granular motion in ironmaking processes. The methodologies developed or refined in this study have significantly reduced the difficulty of obtaining relevant parameters and avoided the use of data lacking actual physical meaning.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Lump ore; Discrete element method; CalibrationIntrinsic parameter; Contact parameter
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