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Volume 108
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Jia, Z., Shen, X., Lan, X., & Wang, T. (2026). Hydrodynamics of pressurized cohesive fluidized beds: A CFD-DEM study. Particuology, 108, 113-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2025.11.007
Hydrodynamics of pressurized cohesive fluidized beds: A CFD-DEM study
Zhiyong Jia a, Xiankun Shen a, Xiaocheng Lan a b *, Tiefeng Wang a b c *
a Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
b Ordos Lab, Ordos 017010, Inner Mongolia, China
c Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
10.1016/j.partic.2025.11.007
Volume 108, January 2026, Pages 113-124
Received 29 September 2025, Revised 14 November 2025, Accepted 15 November 2025, Available online 21 November 2025, Version of Record 3 December 2025.
E-mail: lanxc@tsinghua.edu.cn; wangtf@tsinghua.edu.cn
Highlights

• Impact of van der Waals force and operating pressure on fluidization is studied.

• Bubble dynamics, pressure drops, and particle-scale features are analyzed.

• Cohesion drives the transition from bubbling to slugging fluidization.

• Elevated pressure enhances the gas-holding capacity of the emulsion phase.


Abstract

The combined effects of operating pressure and interparticle cohesion on fluidization behavior remain a practical yet insufficiently explored topic. This study employs the CFD-DEM approach to investigate the impact of van der Waals force and operating pressure on fluidization hydrodynamics, focusing on bubble dynamics, pressure drop fluctuations, and particle-scale characteristics. It was observed that the fluidization regime transitions from stable bubbling to slugging when the Bond number (Bo) exceeds 2.4 under atmospheric pressure, whereas elevated pressures effectively mitigate the disruptive influence of cohesion and stabilize bubbling behavior. Moreover, while the bubble size decreases by about 20% as Bo increases from 0 to 5.6 under atmospheric pressure, it remains nearly unchanged with Bo at elevated pressures. The standard deviation of pressure drop fluctuations decreases, whereas the average frequency increases with rising cohesion under atmospheric pressure. Once again, increased pressures counteract these effects. Further analysis reveals that elevated pressure enhances the gas-holding capacity of the emulsion phase, leading to a 74% reduction in average cohesion force as pressure rises from 1 to 80 bar. The enhanced gas-solid interactions, evidenced by the increased drag coefficients, provides a physical perspective for understanding the counteracting effects of elevated pressures on cohesion.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Pressurized fluidization; van der Waals force; Computational fluid dynamics (CFD); Discrete element method (DEM); Bubble dynamics
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