Porous Ni-rich cathode material constructed by K+ and F− co-doping--颗粒学报PARTICUOLOGY

Wang, T., Wang, Y., Zeng, J., Li, B., Feng, H., Shen, Y., . . . Zhou, Y. (2026). Porous Ni-rich cathode material constructed by K+ and F− co-doping. Particuology, 108, 218-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2025.10.024

Porous Ni-rich cathode material constructed by K⁺ and F⁻ co-doping

Tongtong Wang^{a b c d}, Yumin Wang^{a b c d}, Jinbo Zeng^{a b c d *}, Bo Li^{a b c d *}, Haitao Feng ^{a b c d}, Yue Shen^{a b c d}, Chunxi Hai^e, Kaisheng Xia^f, Yuan Zhou^e *

a Key Laboratory of Green and High-end Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
b Qinghai Engineering and Technology Research Center of Comprehensive Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining, 810008, China
c Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Xining, 810008, China
d University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
e College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
f Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

10.1016/j.partic.2025.10.024

Volume 108, January 2026, Pages 218-229

Received 17 September 2025, Revised 24 October 2025, Accepted 28 October 2025, Available online 10 November 2025, Version of Record 3 December 2025.

E-mail: jinbozeng@isl.ac.cn; libo@isl.ac.cn; yzhou712@sina.com

Highlights

• Larger angular polyhedron primary particles were found.

• Porous Ni-rich cathode material was constructed.

• The K⁺ and F⁻ co-doping leads to a porous and more stable structure.

• The facile low-cost co-doping is ideal for industrial applications.

Abstract

Ni-rich cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their high capacity and low cost; however, they are structurally and thermodynamically unstable, and their cycling performance also needs to be further improved to meet the needs of large-scale commercial applications. Herein, a synergistic K⁺ and F⁻ co-doping strategy is used to enhance performance of Ni-rich LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ cathode material. Trace surface K⁺ doping forms large polyhedral primary particles with sharp edges, hindering dense aggregation and promoting uniform internal porosity within secondary particles. Bulk F⁻ doping stabilizes the structure. This co-doping, combined with the porous architecture, significantly improves electrolyte infiltration, shortens Li⁺ pathways, reduces Li⁺/Ni²⁺ disordering, and lowers Li⁺ migration barriers, facilitates a stable cathode electrolyte interface (CEI), mitigates polarization and suppresses lattice oxygen loss. The optimized KF30 sample delivers 173.0 mAh g⁻¹ at 8 C (111 % of undoped KF00 capacity). After 200 cycles at 1 C, it retains 170.5 mAh g⁻¹ (88.39 % retention), outperforming KF00 by 12.36 %. This strategy provides a cost-effective approach to boost Ni-rich cathode stability and electrochemical properties for lithium-ion batteries.

Graphical abstract

Keywords

Porous material; K⁺ and F⁻ co-doping; Ni-rich cathode material; Electrochemical performance; Lithium-ion batteries

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