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Volume 108
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Zhao, L., Shen, C., & Luo, G. (2026). Fast synthesis of TS-1 on porous glass beads in a microreactor for cyclohexanone ammoximation. Particuology, 108, 230-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2025.11.004
Fast synthesis of TS-1 on porous glass beads in a microreactor for cyclohexanone ammoximation
Liping Zhao a, Chun Shen a *, Guangsheng Luo b
a State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing, National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Biorefinery Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
b The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Low-carbon Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
10.1016/j.partic.2025.11.004
Volume 108, January 2026, Pages 230-240
Received 25 August 2025, Revised 4 November 2025, Accepted 9 November 2025, Available online 20 November 2025, Version of Record 3 December 2025.
E-mail: shenchun@mail.buct.edu.cn; gsluo@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Highlights

• TS-1 supported on porous glass beads is prepared in a microsystem.

• Short crystallization time of only 1.5 h is needed.

• Size of the supported TS-1 varies in range of 134–298 nm.

• 97.6 % conversion is obtained with reaction duration of 40 min.


Abstract

Supported small TS-1 particles are important catalysts in the ammoximation of ketones, but still facing challenges such as agglomeration in the reaction system and long synthesis time. In this work, we report the fast synthesis of small TS-1 particles supported on porous glass beads in a microreactor. Short crystallization time of only 1.5 h is needed for the synthesis of TS-1 particles with the mean size of ∼200 nm. Effects of aging time, size of the microchannel, sol/support mass ratio, crystallization temperature, and surface areas of the porous glass beads on the morphology and catalytic performance for ammoximation of cyclohexanone have been studied systematically. The as-synthesized supported TS-1 catalyst achieved 82.4 % cyclohexanone conversion and >99 % selectivity to cyclohexanone oxime after reaction at 353 K for only 20 min, and the conversion rises to 97.6 % if the duration prolongs to 40 min, outperforming the commercial TS-1 catalyst and supported TS-1 catalyst synthesized in an autoclave (crystallized for 48 h).

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Fast crystallization; Supported TS-1 with small size; Microreator; Cyclohexanone ammoximation
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