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Volume 109
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Influence of zeta potential on properties of cement pastes with partial substitution by industrial wastes
Julia da Rosa Martins a *, Janaíde Cavalcante Rocha b, Vanessa de Amorim Amorim b, Julia Scalabrin Holanda a, Dachamir Hotza a c, Luciano Senff a d
a Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PGMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
b Department of Civil Engineering (ECV), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
c Department of Chemical Engineering (EQA), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
d Department of Mobility Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), 89219-600, Joinville, SC, Brazil
10.1016/j.partic.2025.12.016
Volume 109, February 2026, Pages 141-152
Received 8 August 2025, Revised 18 December 2025, Accepted 19 December 2025, Available online 2 January 2026, Version of Record 8 January 2026.
E-mail: juliarosamartins15@gmail.com
Highlights

• RM particle zeta potential favored adsorption of the retardant additive.

• High zeta potential particles reduced the system's sedimentation speed.

• Particles with high zeta potential modulus increased the paste spread.


Abstract

The incorporation of industrial waste into construction materials offers a sustainable alternative to conventional practices by reducing environmental disposal and minimizing the use of virgin raw materials. Among such residues, basaltic filler (BF) and red mud (RM) show promising potential as partial cement replacements in mortars and concretes. This study introduces an innovative approach by evaluating the role of particle zeta potential in governing the behavior of stabilized cement pastes containing these wastes. Pastes were formulated with Portland Cement II F 40 (CP II F 40) and a retarding additive to maintain stability over 72 h, with BF and RM used as partial cement substitutes. The zeta potential and sedimentation behavior of the raw materials were measured, and their influence on paste flowability, rheology, and setting time was systematically analyzed. Results revealed that the highly negative zeta potential of BF (−13.7 mV) and RM (−18.7 mV) improved particle dispersion and reduced sedimentation. BF contributed to lower yield stress, plastic viscosity, and shear stress, while RM, despite a similar electrokinetic profile, exhibited rheological behavior strongly influenced by its high surface area and reactivity. These findings underscore the relevance of zeta potential as a predictive parameter in designing sustainable cementitious systems with industrial waste additions.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Red mud; Basaltic filler; Zeta potential; Rheology; Sedimentation
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