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Volume 111
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Advances in 3D Si-graphene nanocomposites for Li-ion battery anodes with enhanced stability and rate capability
Hamed Aghamohammadi a *, Mahdi Torabian b
a Department of Advanced Materials and New Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran
b Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milan, Italy
10.1016/j.partic.2026.02.011
Volume 111, April 2026, Pages 303-326
Received 9 December 2025, Revised 28 January 2026, Accepted 9 February 2026, Available online 12 February 2026, Version of Record 20 March 2026.
E-mail: aghamohammadi@irost.ir; hamed.aghamohammadi@outlook.com
Highlights

• A comprehensive review is conducted on the 3D Si-graphene nanocomposite anode materials for LIBs.

• Synthesis methods, electrochemical performance, and influencing factors of 3D Si-graphene composites are given.

• Mechanisms for improving the electrochemical performance of 3D Si-graphene are reviewed.


Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electronic devices and are becoming increasingly important components of renewable energy storage systems. The development of advanced electrode materials with high energy density is essential for fulfilling the growing performance demands of LIBs in everyday applications. Silicon-based anode materials, due to their remarkably high specific capacity compared with conventional graphite electrodes, are being extensively investigated for application in next-generation LIBs. However, the huge volume changes of silicon anodes during charge/discharge cycles have restricted their commercialization. Recent works have shown that the formation of 3D Si/graphene composites offers superior performance compared to 2D architectures due to their increased surface area, enhanced electron/ion transport properties, and better mechanical support. This comprehensive review highlights the potential of 3D Si/graphene composites as LIB anodes, covering synthesis procedures, optimal parameters, morphology/structure, and electrochemical performance. By identifying existing research gaps and providing future perspectives, this work aims to advance the fundamental understanding and practical realization of 3D Si–graphene nanocomposites for high-performance LIB anodes and related energy storage technologies.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Silicon anodes; Composite; Graphene; Li-ion batteries; 3D Si-graphene nanocomposites
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