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Volume 117
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Detailed characterization of pore structure and transport properties of biomass particles during pyrolysis (Open Access)
Ninghua Zhan a c, Enqi Liu a, Andrea Dernbecher b, Nicole Vorhauer-Huget a, Rui Wu c, Alba Dieguez-Alonso b, Abdolreza Kharaghani a *
a Thermal Process Engineering, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
b Laboratory of Transport Processes, Faculty Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
c School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
10.1016/j.partic.2026.08.001
Volume 117, October 2026, Pages 329-347
Received 30 November 2025, Revised 15 July 2026, Accepted 1 August 2026, Available online 4 August 2026, Version of Record 10 August 2026.
E-mail: abdolreza.kharaghani@ovgu.de
Highlights

• An OED-based algorithm is applied to extract equivalent pore-network models from high-resolution CT images of beech wood.

• The extracted pore networks explicitly incorporate the anisotropy and heterogeneity of biomass structures.

• Local porosity and permeability are quantified in spherical REV coordinates to reveal spatially varying transport properties.

• REV-scale conductances and product gas volume flow rate enable integration into continuum models.


Abstract

Biomass pyrolysis involves complex structural and transport processes that remain poorly understood at the pore scale. Here, high-resolution image-based reconstruction is integrated with pore network modeling (PNM) to quantify the evolution of pore structure and transport properties in wood particles during staged pyrolysis. The extracted pore networks reveal a contraction–enlargement duality: although particle shrinkage reduces the total number of pores, the remaining pores expand and undergo fracture and coalescence. Orientation analysis further shows a temperature-dependent reduction in structural anisotropy, quantified through the orientation distributions of pore bodies and coordination links. At the representative elementary volume (REV) scale, local porosity and permeability distributions reveal pronounced heterogeneity, while permeability is strongly influenced by pore connectivity and anisotropy. Layer-resolved analyses of wood mass loss and directional conductance demonstrate that pyrolysis progresses radially from the particle surface toward the interior while maintaining anisotropic transport pathways within each layer. The proposed framework establishes a direct link between pyrolysis temperature, pore-scale structural evolution, and transport properties, providing physically informed REV-scale parameters for continuum-scale reactive transport models.

Graphical abstract
Keywords
Anisotropic pores; Biomass; Heterogeneous pore structure; Pyrolysis; Pore morphology evolution; Pore network modeling
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